Two Nation Theory free essay sample

We can characterize country as a people who have some regular qualities of race, language, religion or culture and joined together and sorted out by the state and by basic notions and yearning. A country turns out to be so just when it has a soul or sentiment of nationality. A country is a socially homogeneous social gathering, and a politically free unit of the individuals, completely aware of its clairvoyant life and articulation in a determined manner. Nationality Mazzini stated: â€Å"Every individuals has its exceptional strategic that crucial its nationality†. Country and Nationality vary in their importance despite the fact that they were utilized reciprocally. A country is a people having a feeling of unity among them and who are politically free. On account of nationality it infers a mental sentiment of solidarity among a people, yet additionally feeling of unity among them. The feeling of solidarity may be a record, of the individuals having regular history and culture. Be that as it may, nationality to a great extent requires the component of political freedom either accomplished or tried. Besides, a country must have a political association of enthusiastic want for such an association. Be that as it may, a nationality is a political, social, profound and bound together network of a people. A. E. Zimmern stated: â€Å"Nationality, similar to religion, is abstract, mental, a state of psyche, a profound belonging, a method of feeling, thinking and living†. Two Nation Theory The two-country hypothesis in its least complex manner implies that social, political, strict, monetary and social dissimilarities between the two significant networks, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub-landmass. These distinctions of viewpoint, truth be told, were incredibly instrumental in offering ascend to two particular political belief systems which were answerable for the parcel of the sub-landmass into two autonomous states. The two-country hypothesis implies that the Hindus and the Muslims are two unique countries. Based on two-country hypothesis the Quaid-I-Azam requested the parcel of India into two expresses, a Muslim state to be considered Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat. Advancement of Two Nation Theory Concept of Muslims as a Nation created before the foundation of Pakistan. Pakistan was the result of this idea of nationhood instead of Pakistan making an idea of nationhood. Reflectively the Muslim patriotism developed with the coming of Islam that acquainted new standards relevant with each circle of life. It promised the reclamation of the mankind building up a kindhearted society dependent on Qur’anic lessons. The start of the Muslim patriotism in the Sub-Continent might be ascribed to the principal Indian who acknowledged Islam. The Arab dealers had presented the new religion, Islam, in the Indian beach front territories. Muhammad canister Qasim was the primary Muslim trespasser who vanquished some piece of India and from that point onward, Mahmud of Ghazna propelled 17 assaults and opened the door to lecture Islam. The Muslim sufi (holy people) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani and so forth entered Sub-Continent. They, dismissing the indecencies in the Indian culture, introduced the unadulterated handy image of the lessons of Islam and got enormous transformations. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk for all time set up Muslim tradition in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal lines. Hence a solid Muslim people group had risen in India who had its own particular manner of life, customs, legends, history and culture. Islam couldn't be caught up in Hinduism. Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti developments, and so on made response among the Muslim ulama to save the unadulterated Islamic character and spare it from outside invasion. Job of Sheik Ahmad Sirhindi and others is significant. Uniformity and social equity roused changes to Islam. The British prevailed upon the Muslim rulers because of the mechanical and logical turns of events and current war methodology. The War of Independence (1857) was a breaking mishap to the Indian Muslims who were considered liable for the insubordination by the British. The Muslims were placed into the backwardness with the assistance of Hindus. This was one of the remarkable inspirations that made ready to pronounce the different character of patriotism, the Muslim patriotism. The Muslim researchers tried to change the educating of Islamic law and to advance its application in a Muslim society. The noticeable name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who stirred and guided his locale well in time. His instructive drive, the Ali-Garh development, end up being the best methods for social portability for the Muslim upper class under pioneer rule. In 1885 the Indian National Congress was established to demonstrate the start of the Indian patriot development under the British. The Congress worked and helped the British principle. Sir Syed exhorted the Muslims not to go along with it since, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to include into the counter government exercises. It has been contended that Sir Syeds dread of Hindu mastery planted the seeds for the Two Nations Theory later upheld by the All-India Muslim League, established in 1906 and prompted its interest for a different state for the Muslims of India. Sir Syed contended that cutting edge training and non-political exercises may be the way to Muslim progression. The Ali-Garh development delivered instructed initiative who could secure the Muslims’ rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had been established in Dhaka to elevate dependability to the British and to secure and propel the political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. Along these lines the idea of ‘separate electorates’ was advanced to first light another day for the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two-Nation Theory In starting Sir Syed trusted in Indian Nationalism yet later because of Hindi-Urdu debate, Sir Syed’s confidence in an assembled India was shaken and he started to advocate the two country hypothesis. He caused the Muslims to understand that they are independent country. Their religion is incredible. Muslims should interest for discrete country of their own. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the main Muslim pioneer who utilized the word â€Å"NATION† for the Muslims of Sub-mainland. As indicated by Sir Syed in India there exist two countries, the Hindus and Muslims. They couldn't live respectively and that as the time would pass the threatening vibe between the two-country would develop. Sir Syed was of the view that Hindus and Muslims are two separate countries in light of the fact that their religion, history, culture and human progress were unique in relation to one another. Sir Syed’s political perspectives could be summarized as: 1. That India was a landmass, not a nation. 2. That it was occupied by a tremendous populace of various races and various doctrines. 3. That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the significant countries based on nationality, religion, customs, societies, social and recorded conventions. 4. After the British quit, they couldn't share the political force similarly. That was essentially outlandish and unfathomable. 5. The Indian National Congress was not satisfactory to the Muslims. 6. Muslims couldn't acknowledge a law based set up of western kind in light of the fact that with a one to four proportion of populace, they could be oppressed by the Hindus. 7. There would be a sad common war if the Congress continued in its arrangement of burdening together the two countries. The above examine drives us to presume that Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the ardent adherent and famous minister to Two-Nation Theory; by virtue of which, he might be known as the genuine author to two-Nation Theory in sub-mainland. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory Allama Iqbal was an extraordinary writer, savant and a legislator. Iqbal had a touchy heart and a profound thought curious brain. He was terrified at the disgraceful states of the Muslims all in all and of the Indian Muslims specifically. Allama Iqbal conveyed recorded location at Allahabad. â€Å"The units of Indian culture are not regional as in the European nations. India is a mainland of human gatherings having a place with various races communicating in various dialects and proclaiming various religions. Their conduct isn't at all dictated by a typical race-awareness. † Under such conditions, Allama Iqbal proposed a different condition of the Muslims. In his presidential location to the Allahabad meeting of the Muslim League in 1930, he stated: â€Å"Personally I would go further†¦. I might want to see the Punjab, North WestFrontierProvince, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a solitary state. Self-government inside the British Empire or without the British Empire, the arrangement of a solitary united North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the last fate of the Muslims in any event of North WestIndia. † Allama Iqbal guaranteed that the Muslims were a different country in each regard. His own words in such manner were as per the following: We have a populace of seven crore among all countries of the sub-landmass, we are the most joined together. Truth be told, of the considerable number of countries occupying the nation, Muslims are the main genuine country as indicated by the most present day meaning of the world. † In short the prediction of Iqbal went about as a prod for the Muslims of India who desired out an autonomous state Pakistan for themselves, after seventeen years (Allahabad Address 1930) on fourteenth August 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory Quaid-e-Azam’s battle additionally dependent on two-country hypothesis: Quaid-e-Azam stated: Difference in India between the two significant countries, the Hindus and the Muslims are multiple times more prominent when contrasted and the mainland of Europe. † Quaid-e-Azam further stated: â€Å"India is definitely not a national state. India isn't a nation yet a Sub-mainland made out of nationalities, the two significant countries being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civic establishments, language and writing, workmanship and engineering, names and terminology, feeling of significant worth and extent, laws and law, social good codes, customs and schedule, history and conventions, aptit

Techniques of Establishing Character Essay Example for Free

Methods of Establishing Character Essay Starting another business is never a simple assignment. Different components check while beginning another endeavor and much is in question. Anyway the conventions and the challenges additionally rely upon the nation one needs to work together in. Each nation has certain standards and guidelines as respects to doing organizations on its territory. El Salvador is an open economy in Central America and draws in outside speculators. After Chile El Salvador has become the second most open economy in Latin America. Government is vote based and offers a few limited time benefits for the financial specialists. A few components like â€Å". . . CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement), low swelling, closeness to the US commercial center, serious operational expenses, and duty exceptions in facilitated commerce zones. . . † make the nation an appealing alternative for outside speculation (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Despite the fact that issues like joblessness and group exercises are vexatious yet â€Å". . . manageability and sound CSR (corporate social obligation) approaches in agribusiness, producing, attire, hardware, and the advancement of bio-powers place El Salvador at the cutting edge of Latin American exchange development† (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). The nation likewise gets help from the United States to handle with the negative issues in the general public (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Adaptable strategies of El Salvador make it a lot simpler for the organizations to work together in the nation. State has unhindered commerce concurrences with various nations like US, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Dominican Republic, Chile, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Taiwan, Colombia, and Central America and numerous different nations. It is an open market for US products with low taxes and other exchange limitations. USA is the greatest exchange accomplice of the nation followed by Central America and Mexico. The official cash is US dollar. El Salvador has extremely less debasement. Then again there are likewise a few impediments for the outside organizations. Legal arrangement of the nation is tedious, dormant and is halfway most definitely. Crime percentage is high and education rate is low prompting joblessness and absence of English capability (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). El Salvador offers noteworthy development in divisions like car parts and administration gear, dental hardware, printing and designs and travel and the travel industry. Operators are the most ideal method of entering the Salvadorian showcase and the grouping of exchange the capital city precludes the requirement for more than one specialist. Organizations or people must check each understanding and bona fides of accomplices they will be related with. There is no need of a select regional agreement in the first place with specialists. The Salvadoran Commercial Code is intended to secure both the specialists and the organizations in default circumstances. Organizations must counsel nearby legal counselors to take a few to get back some composure of the legitimate arrangement of the nation. A few securities, pay and harms must be thought of while going into a concurrence with an operator or an accomplice (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). The following stage is getting a permit to open an office in the nation. Nearness of a legal counselor in each progression is vital for issue free advancement starting with one stage then onto the next. â€Å"One stop† window of El Salvador’s National Investment Office gives each help to getting a permit to open an office, branch, or organization. â€Å". . . it additionally furnishes help with work related issues, migration, and data about the Free Trade Zone Law regime† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Various licenses are required that can be recorded as follows: a) Society or Company Registration b) Initial Balance Registration c) 1 st time Establishment Registration d) Income Tax Identification Number (NIT) (Ministry of Finance) e) Value Added Tax Identification Number (IVA) (Ministry of Finance) f) Invoices Correlative Registration (Correlativo de Facturas) (Ministry of Finance) g) First time Employer’s Identification Number (NIP) (Salvadoran Social Security Institute) h) Work Place Registration (Ministry of Labor) (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Every one of these customs can be submitted at the â€Å"Integral Services Window† of the Registry of Commerce Office of the National Registry Center (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). $11,428 is the base capital expected to begin a business. The Commerce Registry likewise needs the names of the companys top managerial staff and authoritative faculty. All the bookkeeping records of the organization must be in Spanish and endorsed by a confirmed open bookkeeper. The Commerce Registry gives the permit just when the company’s area subtleties are cleared by the region and it is enrolled in the National Industrial and Commercial Establishments Directory at the General Director of Statistics and Census. Permit is then imprinted in nearby paper. There is a need of further clearances from explicit services for explicit organizations. For example pharmaceuticals organizations must finish all the conventions with the Superior Council for Public Health, etc for different segments (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Establishment is another alluring alternative for beginning another business in El Salvador. US inexpensive food joints are blasting in the nation. Others include: U. S. establishments working in El Salvador incorporate lodgings and vehicle rental, reviewing/bookkeeping, credit reports, versatile publicizing and media promoting, print shop/one hour photograph labs, magnificence/hair salons, wellness focuses, PC learning, youngster care/learning focuses, video rental, exterminator administrations, and cleaning (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Direct showcasing utilizing selling mediums like portable and web and link administrations is another choice for setting up a business. A joint endeavor of US and Salvadorian organization must be consolidated and properly enlisted in El Salvador (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Following stage is worried about the dissemination and selling of the item. Import of items is taken care of by the wholesalers who can dispatch and use the chance of their previously existing wide systems to showcase any new item in El Salvador. Little retailers get a few items like trade-in vehicles and car parts, attire, adornments, beauty care products and family unit merchandise from US themselves. Organized commerce zones structure significant dispersion habitats of the nation. It is imperative to showcase an item with as much proficiency and care as committed in its creation at exactly that point can the item arrive at its buyers. Utilizing conspicuous papers, bulletins and other media can be helpful for presenting another item and correspondence your plan to the end client. Amazing dispatch at premium lodgings and among noteworthy characters of the locale can get another item moment spotlight: As rivalry increments, imaginative deals advancements, for example, challenges, drawings, wagers, and so forth. , become progressively applicable. Tests of items are regularly given out at grocery stores and retail chains. Investment in nearby shows and sponsorship of neighborhood occasions and meetings is a typical neighborhood practice for brand situating. Mutual financial plan for limited time crusades and publicizing is exceptionally valued by neighborhood merchant/wholesaler, and straightforward things, for example, the accessibility of handouts and other special materials in Spanish are extremely useful for advertising items (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Legislature of El Salvador directs just the condensed propane gas rates, open vehicle rates, and vitality rates. Import obligation and the 13-percent esteem included duty (VAT) is added to the cost of imported items. â€Å"Import duties for capital products are zero percent, crude materials extend from zero to 5%, middle of the road merchandise run from 5 to 10%, and completed merchandise are charged a limit of 15%. Materials, horticultural items, vehicles, and a couple of other unimportant items are charged higher duties that go from 15 to 30%† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Unhindered commerce understandings among US and El Salvador decrease the measure of levies on the US items positively. No obligation is forced on 80 percent of the American items. Exchange boundaries are likewise insignificant. Anyway a few administrations and experts do confront a few obstructions like engineers and public accountants must be nearby as it were. Rice and pork are the two items that purchasers need to purchase locally and their further requests follow an import quantity framework and 40 percent obligations. Nations limited by CAFTA-DR don't scrutinize every others sterile investigation techniques. In the event of imports, there is no need of import licenses and a business receipt and bill of replenishing must be adequate to fill the need. The National Registry Center (CNR) has one-single-import shop where an organization can get import licenses of the accompanying foundations: Customs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Economy (virtual), Ministry of the Environment, and the National Health of Public Council. A few items like arms and ammo sent out from US need a fare permit from th

Summary and critique of Stanley Milgram Free Essays

The test on â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† was directed by Stanley Milgram in July 1961. It was scarcely three months after Adolf Eichmann had been attempted over the crimes perpetrated during the Nazi war. The examination was intended to address the inquiries regarding the people groups who were the brains of the scandalous Nazi tormenting difficulty that were liable for the passings of a large number of the blameless individuals. We will compose a custom exposition test on Rundown and scrutinize of Stanley Milgram or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now It was proposed to discover the individuals who might want to be accommodating to the authority to the detriment of human life. The test additionally looked to gauge the ability of people to comply with a position figure who teaches them to do certain things that are against their own inner voice. The inquiry that the specialists were posing was, â€Å"Could it be that Eichmann and his million associates in the Holocaust were simply following requests? Would we be able to call them all accomplices?† The theory was that there was probability that that during the Nazi war it may have been that Adolf Eichmann and his associates were simply being accommodating to the requests from more significant position authority (without wanting to) to kill the guiltless individuals. The exploration question was instrumental in assisting with revealing how one can adjust another person’s conduct, convictions and attitude. Before giving the aftereffects of the analysis the scientist anticipated that lone an immaterial number of the members would comply with the requests and continue on to regulate greatest stun. The range was 0 †3%. That implied that out of 100 members just 3 would regulate the 450 volt stun. Strategy The individuals who take an interest in the trial (subjects) were drawn from various economic wellbeing foundation inside New Haven region. They contained individuals from a wide range occupation with trademark characters incorporate administrative officials, educators, salespersons, specialists and menial workers. The gathering was an agent of every single instructive level; from grade school to doctorate and other expert degrees and matured between 20 †50 years in their correct perspective (Milgram, S., 1963). The trustworthy variable in this examination was the most extreme stun that the subject, S, was eager to oversee to the casualty L up to that moment that he oppose to adhere to the directions given to him by the experimenter. The autonomous factors were the student (a trial confederate) and the experimenter’s orders. There were two members for each situation. They were; a naã ¯ve subject who assumed the job of a â€Å"teacher† and was given a 450 volt electric stun generator and the second one a confederate who assumed the job of a â€Å"learner.† The undertaking of the â€Å"teacher† was to peruse to the â€Å"learner† a rundown of word sets. The â€Å"learner† then again was to react accurately to these sets of words by squeezing the catch as a pointer of his reaction. In the event of an off-base answer the â€Å"teacher† was to manage an electric stun to the â€Å"learner†. For each resulting incorrectly answer, the â€Å"teacher† would expand the voltage. Despite the fact that the subject accepted that the student was getting the genuine stun, the student, being in a different room, sets up a recording device which had been consolidated to the electric stun generator. This tape played sounds which had been pre-recorded to walk each stun level. The surmised casualty (â€Å"learner†) would begin to blast the divider isolating him from the subject at given quantities of voltage increment. He would keep hitting into the divider and whining of heart condition until all the reactions from him stopped. The information gathered depended on how much electric stun the subjects were happy to incur on the person in question. This was to demonstrate their degree of dutifulness and to see their readiness to comply with the requests; on the off chance that it they were doing it purposely or did it without wanting to. Results In the long run it was found that out of the 40 members 14 subjects gave express indications of apprehensive giggling and grinning which were unfit and strange. Three of the subjects created enthusiastic seizures. As per the outcomes acquired, it is obvious that while reacting to the requests provoked by the evaluations, 40 subjects surpass the anticipated sever point. None of them controlled the electric stun beneath 300 volts, a moment that the casualty begins to kick the divider and gave no responses to the teacher’s questions. 5 of them stops at the 300 volt level; 4 of them continues to 315 volt level; 2 breaks of at 330 volt level; 3 others drop off at 345, 360 and 375 volts separately. These 14 subjects were insubordinate to the experimenter’s directions. They were intermittently in a mad and chafed condition. Anyway 26 of the 40 subjects were submissive enough to continue on to rebuff the casualty till they achieve the stun of 450 volts. However, they do this without wanting to. They could be seen to be in horror once the examination was brought to a stop. Conversation The outcomes acquired infer that there are individuals who, regardless of getting orders from power, would decide to oppose and adhere to what they accept is ethically worthy. For this situation the 14 subjects held this conviction and would not incur torment on someone else without wanting to his/her will. It was anyway seen that a few people would decide to act against their inner voice and submit to power regardless of whether what they are requested to do is contrary to moral standards. This what the 26 subjects did; notwithstanding communicating a few indications of disappointment in stunning a blameless individual, they despite everything proceed to comply with the orders as far as possible. This infers dutifulness to power can cause innocuous and non-threatening people to turn brutal. The outcomes is by all accounts rather than those anticipated in the survey where just 3 out of 100 respondents said they would continue to regulate electric stun to their casualty up to the most greatest and hazardous stun of 450 volts. For this situation be that as it may, the figure was shockingly high; 26 out of 40. It had additionally been normal that an oppressed would essentially end or continue as directed by his soul. Anyway the subjects displayed pressure and passionate strain in their reaction to the orders. Evaluate The analysis was very much led and its goal was achieved. The volunteers were got past a New Have (Connecticut) day by day paper advert and regular postal mail to some illuminating them partake in the investigation of memory just as the learning assign led in a research center at Yale University. The genuine motivation behind the test was avoided the subjects until the analysis was finished; they realized that the examination was an investigation of memory and adapting yet it was about investigation of submission to power. Something else was that the whole volunteers were to assume the job of the educator while that of the understudy was played by a test confederate. What's more, the generator that the educator utilized was only yet of 45 volts test stun with the generator not wired to stun the student. Ultimately, the kicking of the divider by the student, shouts and his dismissal to continue and the orders/requests of the experimenter to the instructor were all capably created. These demonstrate the researchers’ meticulousness in the plan of the analysis to respond to their particular research question. In particular, toward the finish of the examination subjects experienced a few methodology to help them return to ordinary prosperity. The specialists didn't anyway manage any plausible elective clarification for their outcomes. This may be ascribes to the way that they anticipated that the subjects should give some degree of dutifulness. Likewise, the subjects may have been relied upon to act as needs be and take an interest completely to make the exploration effectively remembering that the genuine target of the examination was escaped them. It ought to be expressed here that there are a few people who won't, at any expense, acknowledge to control any degree of electric stun to someone else. The exploration was likewise not very much spoken to as far as sexual orientation or the analysts didn't determine the sex of the members. This brings up the issue about the standards that was utilized in choosing the subjects. In any case, all things considered the trial was very basic as it the positive and the negative idea of people. Reference: Milgram. S. (1969); Study on conduct dutifulness, Journal of Abnormal and social brain research; 371-378. http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/formats/student_resources/0155060678_rathus/ps/index.html Step by step instructions to refer to Summary and study of Stanley Milgram, Essay models

1984 Essays - Novels By George Orwell, Social Science Fiction

1984 Essays - Novels By George Orwell, Social Science Fiction 1984 The exercise to be gained from George Orwell's 1984 is that a perfect of having a Idealistic culture will never truly work. George Orwell may have composed 1984, all together to give us that each general public has it's good and bad times and that regardless of how hard you work to keep the general public immaculate there will consistently be imperfections. In the book 1984, the general public in which the individuals lived was totally different to what the vast majority would see as ideal world. As characterized by the New Scholastic Dictionary Ideal world signifies: a spot where everything is great and everybody is glad. This is a long way from the existence that the individuals lived in 1984. There was a great deal of detest all through the book, and with despise comes despondency a case of this would be: The Hate had started.... The Enemy of the individuals had flashed onto the screen. There were murmurs among the crowd (Orwell, 13.) At that point there were the three mottos from the Party: War is Peace; Freedom is Slavery; Obliviousness is Strength (Orwell, 17) That doesn't generally appear to be a glad society. All through the book, Orwell highlighted purposes behind this being the finished inverse of an Utopian Society. Winston, the principle character, resisted the chances and went contrary to the guidelines, so as to appear, that you can't adhere to any arrangement of severe standards in a general public, particularly one where everybody is as far as anyone knows made equivalent. George Orwell attempted to educate his perusers a significant exercise, that an Utopian culture will never work.

Argumentative Essay Essay

Each body cherishes the triple bacon cheeseburger from Wendy’s, additional bacon. Or on the other hand the fresh out of the plastic new Iphone that has quite recently been discharged and you unexpectedly feel that overwhelming want to grasp it. America is tied in with living for overabundance. Individuals live for what is effectively open regardless of the expense. In perusing of a Buy Nothing Day executed and forced on Canada, to expand the familiarity with unnecessary industrialism, we should ask would this be valuable to the United States? I should concur that it is gainful to some in bringing issues to light. In spite of the fact that I concur, I should likewise unequivocally refute the possibility of a â€Å"Buy Nothing Day† because of the low interest among our general public in America, and the trouble in embroiled such a day. To begin with, I concur with the possibility that our country could utilize a â€Å"Buy Nothing Day† and it could be extremely valuable in raising the consciousness of our unreasonable devouring. Having the chance to head out to a poverished nation myself, I have ended up with an expanding attention to my commercialization. I unmistakably recollect leaving the â€Å"Barra Payan† sandwich shop with a smile all over, eager to eat up the sandwich I had spent close to 3 dollars on. As I kept on exiting, a little fellow moved toward me, and in his wrecked English inquired as to whether I would give him only a nibble of my sandwich. He had no shoes on, a shirt that had been worn to the creases and bathing suit implied for a baby, however he dealt with an abnormal little grin as he inquired. The trash all over was prominent however, and he faltered my heart. Randomly, I went before to give him my whole sandwich. Embracing me, he ran off eat up the sandwich I had recently purchased. Being down in the Dominican Republic for seven days, I got myself mindful of my broad commercialization I show on an everyday premise, while individuals can scarcely have enough food to endure. Despite the fact that having a solitary day in America may not be to this extraordinary, I emphatically feel that it would be a significant method of helping raising the consciousness of this issue in America today. In spite of the fact that on one hand I feel it would be a positive plan to set up a yearly â€Å"Buy Nothing Day†, I should discredit its possibility. With no guarantees, America is only country living for abundance and simplicity. Regardless of where we drive, or any place we may go, there is that inferred decide that you should focus on the best. I am certain you have had that paramount experience of driving by the cherry red Ferrari and with a little desire you jealousy to have that vehicle. Or on the other hand you go into Five Guys to get a burger and you see the person before you request each garnish on his burger. So you state to hellfire with it, I am doing what I need, and each one of those fixings will be on my burger. I have seen this on many occasions. In a country where we waste innumerable hours shopping and motivation purchasing, its absolutely impossible a huge measure of individuals would take part in a day, for example, purposed. With that expressed, I should firmly refute the possibility of a yearly â€Å"Buy Nothing Day†, basically because of its reality is nothing our way of life is acclimated with. Correspondingly, we as Americans are amazingly biased and would not incorporate such a day. Thusly, I should invalidate coordinating a day, for example, this because of how shopper subordinate our general public is. You can scarcely travel a mile nowadays without seeing something you can purchase. I live in a town by the name of Castle Rock Colorado, and in our town we have a Home Depot, and a Lowes only a mile not far off. Why our town needs two home improvement stores is past me. Perhaps it is the finish between each organization, or conceivable which has more inventories. This is a great case of what our way of life is here in America. Same goes for service stations. There is one crossing point with 3 corner stores. The entirety of which, attempting to allure you with somewhat lower gas costs, or the world’s best determination of shoddy nourishment. Rivalry is the thing that drives our economy and in pushing to attempt to urge a day to not accepting anything, totally debases the possibility of our virtues as Americans whether I concur with them or not. Since our general public independently runs for the most part on enormous business, the possibility of this day magnifies the things we hold so beyond a reasonable doubt as Americans. Nearby this, the first run through attempting to actualize such a day is close to unthinkable, and would be demanding to all individuals who live in America. In looking profoundly into forcing a â€Å"Buy Nothing Day† in America, I unequivocally concur with the way that for some it might raise some mindfulness incidentally. In spite of the fact that I concur, I should likewise discredit the usage of this day since it is difficult to pick up support just as the exhausting assignments of trouble in coordinating a day, for example, this because of how customer subordinate our general public is.

A View From the Class Alana Plaus COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View From the Class Alana Plaus COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share another installment of A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series, featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and SIPA faculty. In the September issue, we featured current SIPA student, Alana Plaus MPA 18. Alana is a SIPA Fund Fellow and a second-year student pursuing her Master of Public Administration, concentrating in Urban and Social Policy (USP) and specializing in Gender and Public Policy (GPPS). Here, Alana discusses why she chose her particular areas of study, her internship and capstone experiences, and the importance of her fellowship. Why did you choose to concentrate in Urban and Social Policy and specialize in Gender and Public Policy? I selected USP and GPPS because I am interested in the societal power dynamics and limitations that exist for people of color, women, those who identify as LGBTQ, etc. Within my Social Policy courses, I am able to see how this marginalization translates into problems within social welfare, education policies, housing access, infrastructure, healthcare, etc. I ultimately hope to enter state level politics (perhaps even national someday!) in my home state of Colorado, where many of these issues are particularly relevant with a rapidly increasing urban population. Because of this, I feel as though my USP and GPPS courses have created a solid foundation from which I can jump into my professional path.  What are some highlights from your first year at SIPA? I have greatly enjoyed my SIPA experience thus far. I am constantly amazed by the expertise and approachability of my professors. They all have an incredible humility when it comes to meeting with, and mentoring students. They are experts in their fields, have accomplished incredible achievements throughout their careers, are decorated scholars, and yet they are willing to drop everything to meet with a student.   I have been blown away by each and every professor I have had. Beyond my academic experiences, I have also had rewarding internship experiences. This past summer, I pursued two internships simultaneously. To gain a deeper understanding of legislative processes in Colorado, I worked for a national advocacy organization that focuses on policy and legislation related to workplace equity and economic sustainability for women, especially women of color. To gain on-the-ground experience and learn more of the existing public services outside of the capital, I also interned with on e of the largest refugee resettlement agencies in the country.   This was a fascinating experience not only because of the people I was able to meet, but it was also a chance for me to see the trickle-down effect of federal policies on direct-service NGOs. Tell us about your internship or capstone plans for your second year? In the coming year, I will be interning with two political campaigns: a City Council candidate in NYC, and for a candidate running for Governor in Colorado. I am excited to take what I have learned about governance and policymaking, and see how it relates to the political process. I will also be working on my capstone this upcoming fall with The Brookings Institution. The capstone project will analyze the mechanics, processes, metrics, and outcomes of girls’ life skills programs that aim to encourage girls in the developing world to pursue higher levels of education. Is there anything else youd like to add?  The fellowship I received due to the generosity of SIPA donors has allowed me to attend this fantastic institution and to pursue a career to serve others. Fellowships are so important because for many like me, the idea of living in a city like New York and attending a private institution like Columbia, would have been an impossibility otherwise. SIPA is known for its international diversity, but because of fellowships, socioeconomic diversity can also enhance class discussions. This better prepares students to understand the role that public service can play in the lives of many.

What Does VAM Mean For Oklahoma Teachers

posted on May 9, 2014 Teachers in high poverty schools are punished via student test scores. A Facebook friend recently tagged  me in a post, asking  a very interesting question about the value added model component of teacher evaluations. Her question: †¦will you be punished if students perform poorly? If not I see not one bad thing about this; we’re investing in or future is how I look at it. I admit, in the craziness of managing the yearbook staff for the first year, and trying to  engage my 8th graders in anything but the latest middle school  drama, I have not spent much time researching VAM. However, my wonderful online mentors, whose blogs I read daily, have written some well-researched articles that I think will say everything I would want to†¦ only better. I’m going to start with a couple of links from our State Department of Education and the Oklahoma State School Board Association, which explain what VAM is supposed to be: Value Added Measures: Frequently Asked Questions (DOE) The Building Blocks of TLE (OSSBA) This all sounds great — until you consider other factors that our completely outside the control of the teacher, or the school. These factors include the home lives of the students, economic status, community support, student attitudes, parental support, medical status, nutritional status†¦ I could go on. After all, we’re talking about kids here. UPDATE (8:49 a.m.): John Thompson of @ The Chalk Face wrote in his article, If Economists Studied Education Research, Would They Still Promote Value-Added Evaluations?: It is far harder to raise the performance of children who do not read for comprehension well enough to read to learn. Consequently, good teachers in the low-performing schools are likely to have lower value-added than equally good teachers in high-performing schools. This helps explain why value-added estimates are unfair to teachers with students with high percentages of poor and special education students, and they are most unfair to teachers with high percentages of English Language Learners. John’s article contains excellent research and insight into VAM and the potential effects of the Vergara vs. California lawsuit. Personally, I have a very hard time putting the weight of a teacher’s career, a school’s reputation, property values in a community †¦ and more†¦ on the backs of the young people we are supposed to be nurturing, young people who have no say in the matter, young people who we are making pawns in a game of money and power, young people who are wising up to the game. Here are some articles from Oklahoma educators explaining the impact of VAM: Researchers have found that how a teacher is rated changes from class to class, from year to year, and even from test to test. There is, however, a great deal of research pointing out that there are potentially harmful, unintended consequences of using standardized tests in any high stakes manner. Here is my experience: My very first year of teaching, I taught at a rural school with low poverty rates. In my first semester as a teacher, 92 percent of my students passed the English II End-Of-Instruction exam. Pretty sweet, right? I received a 3 out of 5 on my Tulsa teacher  evaluation. A 4 is considered the highest most people will ever get. Well, my second year of teaching, I moved to a high poverty (85 percent of the students are on free and reduced lunches) urban middle school with 20 percent of the students in the special education program. My first year in this school, and my second year of teaching, maybe  50 percent of my students passed the 7th grade reading Oklahoma Core Curriculum Test. Did I suddenly become a terrible teacher my second year?!? Is  my co-teacher, who has at least three times as many years of experience as I have, a terrible teacher? My students worked hard all year long. Many of them made great improvement on their SRI and Achieve3000 reading scores. But none of this matters because the test scores fell flat.  My school received a D- rating. For the record, I received another 3 on my evaluation, this time, under the Marzano system. This year, my third year of teaching, we do not know exactly how many students passed the 8th grade reading OCCT. However, based on what we think the cut score will be, and not counting the special education students who took the pencil and paper version of the test, only about 65 percent of my students passed. Each of my classes have shown growth in their reading skills from the beginning of the year on the STAR reading test scores. Many kids have gained multiple years according to this test. Some of them are still below grade level. As their teacher, I have also seen growth in their maturity, their organization, their ability to get along with other people, their ability to read silently for sustained amounts of time, their ability to work out problems for themselves, their confidence in their reading. For the record, I received all 4s on my Marzano evaluation this year — except for one 5, which is the only 5 that principal has ever given. But my school is most likely headed to an F this year. I’m headed to a small rural school with lower levels of poverty and higher test scores. I’m sure I will not be punished next year. But my school will be, my students will be. I have students who did not pass last year, who I am certain did this year, based on their raw scores. I also have students who are smart, who have worked hard, but who I am certain did not pass. They will have to take remediation classes instead of electives next yewar. If they can’t pass, they may not be able to drive, hindering their ability to get jobs and support their families. This breaks my heart. To answer my friend’s question: Yes, teachers, schools and students will be punished under the state’s VAM system, once it is fully implemented. So, if you want to know what value I really add as a teacher, if you want to know what teachers make, watch this video: Michelle WatersI am a secondary English Language Arts teacher, a University of Oklahoma student working on my Master’s of Education in Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum with an concentration in English Education, and a NBPTS candidate. I am constantly seeking ways to amplify my students’ voices and choices.

Sample Size for a Margin of Error in Statistics

Confidence intervals are found in the topic of inferential statistics.   The general form of such a confidence interval is an estimate, plus or minus a margin of error.   One example of this is in an opinion poll in which support for an issue is gauged at a certain percent, plus or minus a given percent. Another example is when we state that at a certain level of confidence, the mean is xÌ„ /- E, where E is the margin of error. This range of values is due to the nature of the statistical procedures that are done, but the calculation of the margin of error relies upon a fairly simple formula. Although we can calculate the margin of error just by knowing the sample size, population standard deviation and our desired level of confidence, we can flip the question around. What should our sample size be in order to guarantee a specified margin of error? Design of Experiment This sort of basic question falls under the idea of experimental design. For a particular confidence level, we can have a sample size as large or as small as we want. Assuming that our standard deviation remains fixed, the margin of error is directly proportional to our critical value (which relies upon our level of confidence) and inversely proportional to the square root of the sample size. The margin of error formula has numerous implications for how we design our statistical experiment: The smaller the sample size is, the larger the margin of error.To keep the same margin of error at a higher level of confidence, we would need to increase our sample size.Leaving everything else equal, in order to cut the margin of error in half, we would have to quadruple our sample size. Doubling the sample size will only decrease the original margin of error by about 30%. Desired Sample Size To calculate what our sample size needs to be, we can simply start with the formula for margin of error, and solve it for n the sample size. This gives us the formula n (zÃŽ ±/2ÏÆ'/E)2. Example The following is an example of how we can use the formula to calculate the desired sample size. The standard deviation for a population of 11th graders for a standardized test is 10 points. How large of a sample of students do we need to ensure at a 95% confidence level that our sample mean is within 1 point of the population mean? The critical value for this level of confidence is zÃŽ ±/2 1.64. Multiply this number by the standard deviation 10 to obtain 16.4. Now square this number to result in a sample size of 269. Other Considerations There are some practical matters to consider. Lowering the level of confidence will give us a smaller margin of error. However, doing this will mean that our results are less certain. Increasing the sample size will always decrease the margin of error. There may be other constraints, such as costs or feasibility, that do not allow us to increase the sample size.

Ethical Issues with Legalization of Marijuana Essay

Donna Lowe SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility Prof. Donna Falloon May 16, 2011 Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind only alcohol and tobacco, and is estimated that nearly 80 million Americans use it at least one occasion. According to government surveys, some 20 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 11 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Being used for medicinal purposes or simply for recreational, there are not only laws to consider when the topic of legalization comes up but also ethical concerns as well. For this paper I will outline some of the uses for this drug and some of the benefits of its use. I will apply the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" A particular drug—for example, marijuana (also called hashish and bhang)—may be accepted as an appropriate adjunct to sociability in one society, used as an invaluable ingredient in religious contemplation in another, and banned by law as dangerous in a third†(Sills,1968). Since the use is illegal I bring the point of ethics to the matter. Utilitarianism is a classical theory that argues that, given a set of choices, the act we should choose is that which produces the best results for the greatest number affected by that choice. The theory also suggests that there is an obvious solution that is fair, and it may be one that appeals to common sense as well (Moser, 2010). Jeremy Bentham is considered the founder of utilitarian thought and stated that that human beings resolve their ethical questions in light of maximizing the amount of pleasure they experience while minimizing the amount of pain. He considered ethically good conduct as that which expands an individuals as well as a communitys liberty by adding to the sum total of its pleasure (what later was termed maximizing the Greatest Happiness Factor [GHF]). Conduct is unethical, then, because it limits an individuals as well as a communitys liberty and general welfare by subtracting from the GHF. So if we are to use the utilitarianism theory in regards to the legalization of marijuana, then oneShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"When Your Conscience Says Law Is Immoral, DonT Follow1038 Words   |  5 Pagesconscience says law is immoral, don t follow it.† (Washington v. Glucksberg, n.d) This line, originally from Jack Kevorkian seems to resonate deeply with the proponents of legalizing marijuana use, despite it originally referring to assisted suicide. The legalization of marijuana use had become one of the biggest hot button issues of the last decade, and is being fiercely debated across the United States. First made illegal in 1970 with the passing of the Controlled Substances Act, which declared it an addictiveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1442 Words   |  6 PagesOf the many social issues that plague American society, the issue over the legalization of Marijuana remains as one of the most controversial topics. Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the m ost widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to national surveys conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), â€Å"marijuana use rose from 4.1 percent to 9.5 percent of the U.S. adult population in the past decade.† The increase of Marijuana use created an ongoingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of the legal use of marijuana in Canada is a highly debated issue, and with the incoming Liberal government pledging to consider the legalization, much debate is taking place among Canadians. The legalization of marijuana in Canada can benefit one’s health in a variety ways, which this paper will discuss. In Canada marijuana should be legalized provided that one is an adult, mentally sound to make one’s own decisions, and is living in a civilized society. This paper will provide backgroundRead More harmful legalization Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages Harmful Legalization The United States government has seen fit to pass laws prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and possession of dangerous and destructive substances such as marijuana. In opportunistic and negligent haste, fringe aspects of society are seeking to undo laws regarding the restriction of marijuana. These factions have ignored the risks associated with marijuana, falsified information regarding its medical use, and ignore the greater issue with regards to the legalization of harmfulRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is not a recent discovery, but the mysteries surrounding the controversial topic in question remains to be disputed since its prohibition. Classified as an illegal substance, cannabis has been restricted in Canada and around the world. Marijuana is a complex drug and its contradictory claims of medical purposes, and harmful destruction, fuel the debate on whether or not the legal constraints of consuming marijuana should be reconsidered. In consideration of academicRead MoreThe Battle Of Legalizing Marijuana1289 Words   |  6 Pages Jake Mincher Mrs. Hasty English 1, 1st Hour 4/20/17 The Battle to Legalize Marijuana in the United States The United States is splitting up into two sides with the date of 4/20 coming closer with one wanting the legalization of the plant substance and the other opposing it. According to the United Nations, 158.8 million people around the world use marijuana—more than 3.8% of the planet’s population. Marijuana was legalized on the 20th of April in Colorado in 2014. It has been legalized in variousRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of marijuana legalization has been a hot topic in recent times, but to understand first why it became illegal. Marijuana became illegal the first time shortly after the Mexican Revolution ended in 1910. After their revolution, many people from Mexico brought with them their customs their ideas and with them they brought their use of marijuana as a relaxant and medicine for many ailments. Even though, the use of cannabis was already prevalent in America at the time, the term â€Å"marihuana†Read MoreAn Analysis Of An Ethical Dilemma Using The Doing Ethics Technique Essay2122 Words   |  9 Pagesanalysis of an ethical dilemma using the Doing Ethics Technique (DET) SUB TITLE NAME Stewart Armstrong STUDENT ID 11206102 EMAIL CONTACT stewart@thearmstrongs.net December 2015 Table of Contents 1. The Analysis 3 2. The Reference List 7 â€Æ' 1. The Analysis There is more public support for marijuana law reform than ever before with new polls showing more than half the country is in favor of legalizing marijuana. The Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) believes marijuana should beRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana Essay2617 Words   |  11 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Michelle Shepard Soc 120 July 16, 2012 Danielle Camacho There is no denying that the drug problem in our country today has reached an epidemic proportion. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control and or solve it. Trying to end the drug war may not seen to be the best answer in the beginning, but those so-called wars on drugs have not been very successful at stopping the drug wars. I feel that there should be some differentRead More The Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagestendered prescription medication, which in many cases further complicate health issues with its myriad of side effects. In fact, statistics have shown that approximately 100,000 people around the world die as a result of prescription drugs annually (Smith, 2012). On the contrary, according to Smith (2012) there has, in 10,000 years only 1 death that has been blamed on cannabis use. It is no wonder why cannabis or marijuana continues to play such an integral role in the medical field, despite it b eing

My Future As A Teacher - 867 Words

In this paper I will be discussing how I will plan my future as a teacher, taking into consideration what and how I need to get there. It is important that I think about the steps I need to follow and the things that may be useful in the process of becoming a successful professional. Furthermore I will include my work experience and what I have learnt from shadowing my professional in an early years setting. Qualifications. The department for Education states that getting basic qualifications is the first step towards becoming a teacher. I must have the equivalent of at least a grade C in English, Mathematics and Science. I also needed 280 UCAS points to gain a place on the Early Childhood course at University. Once I have qualified with a degree of a 2:1 or more I need to apply for the QTS (qualified teacher status) course that qualifies me to teach. I will have to pass a Skills Tests in numeracy and literacy. To prepare myself for this exam I must revise using mock tests online and study 2-3 hours a day. (Bond, 2013) It is also beneficial to have a varied range of classroom based work experience. It is ideal to show you have practical experience as well as academic theory. I have also been volunteering in a Primary School in between university term time. From shadowing my professional I have gained an understanding of some of the key ingredients in becoming an effective practitioner. Teamwork. From interviewing my professional she stated that teamwork is theShow MoreRelatedMy Future Teacher742 Words   |  3 PagesWhen I think of my future as an educator, I can only imagine how my day will proceed, but after I spent time at my field experience, I have a better idea of how my day will pass. Being a teacher means creating connections with students and being their role model. A great deal of time is spent in education, so teachers play an important role in the lives of the students. Going to school and teaching multiple classes of sixth-grade students will be exhausting, but it will also be worth every secondRead MoreMy Future Teacher1092 Words   |  5 PagesBeing a teacher is not an easy job because the society depends of what teachers do. On my personal experience teachers have made a huge impact on my life, they have not being only my professors but also my roles models and in some way my friends. There are  Ã‚  many reasons why students want to become teachers; as th e book Those Who Can, Teach  mention there are three principal reasons for taking education courses: as citizens people (to become more educated), as parents (to learn what the kids areRead MoreMy Future Career As A Teacher Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbeneficial to my future career as a teacher. I was able to see different strategies or techniques that teachers use in their classroom. This helped me determine strategies that I would want to apply in my future classroom. I was also able to observe strategies that did not work at all. The observations also made it clearer why differentiation in the classroom is important. Out of all the teachers I observed, there was only one teacher who seemed to differentiate instruction. The English teacher I observedRead MoreMy Personal Goal As A Future Teacher812 Words   |  4 PagesMy personal goal as a future teacher is to encourage and challenge students as they develop their learning skills. Teaching young intellects is a significant undertaking and cannot be taken unconscientiously. It is filled with many frustrations, challenges and responsibilities. However, it is a job that is very rewarding one that is filled with pleasure, admiration and excitement. Every child is capable of learning and will do so in their distinct style. As a result, it is imperative to learn eachRead MoreMy Future Career As A Specialist Instructor / Teacher1355 Words   |  6 Pagestheir careers. Able to look at my future career as a specialist instructor/teacher in a different point of view. After reading every chapter I was able to see how I can apply some of these methods to ac hieve my goals and also be happy in my career. Most of us look at our future and think we need to pick a career that can offer us a 6 digit yearly income, without realizing if that career will bring us happiness. Drive was able to make me realize when looking at my future career I need to ask myself,Read MoreMy Future Career As A Specialist Instructor / Teacher1424 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at my future career, I need to ask myself, â€Å"What will make me happy for the rest of my life?† and not â€Å"What will make me rich?† Daniel Pink the author of Drive makes a solid, science built point regarding motivation 3.0 in his book. For the 21st century, we are in need of more people that allow themselves to have autonomy, purpose and mastery in their life. To become successful and achieve happiness in their careers. Able to look at my future career as a specialist instructor/teacher in a differentRead MoreMy Future Career Of Becoming An Elementary Teacher Essay1250 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesthis course, when I thought about diversity I would think about race almost exclusively. Through our class discussions and book assignments I have learned that diversity covers many more topics. This will help me greatly in my ideal future career of becoming an elementary teacher. Reading is such an important skill for children. Books teach so many different things. Like in one of the TED talks we watched, the speaker talked about only having books that portrayed white children. She felt like she couldn’tRead MoreThe Philosophy of Education and my Goals as a Future Teacher Essay832 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents. There will be different philosophies of education in this paper that will be discussed. Every philosophy perspectives that teachers have chosen for the students it is important because it can depends on their teaching strengths and effectiveness. The goal of any philosophy could be that every student would be able to succeed in their lives. As a future teacher, my goal it will be to establish a classroom that would be print rich environment that invites the students to learn, a safe place toRead MoreElementary School Vs. Urban School Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesexpect when we as future teacher get hired at a urban school compared to a non-urban school? How is it going to be different? These are just a few questions I had in my mind going into this field experience. The reason for this thought process was the result of the school system I grew up. The school I grew up in was mainly a white based student population and non-urban. So, before this field experience I had no idea what a urban school was going to be like as the result of my white privilege ofRead MoreEducation Is The Foundation For Much Of Our Future1043 Words   |  5 Pagesshould and how they should be taught. In my own personal opinion, the above definition is exactly what education should be – an enlightening experience. In our culture today, ther e is a huge emphasis on education. Education is the foundation for much of our future, therefore if one teaches for an enlightening experience rather than the act of simply teaching, students will be more eager to learn. Throughout my schooling and education experience thus far in my life, I have been fortunate enough to experience

Team Performance And Patient Safety Initiatives - 1305 Words

Team Performance and Patient Safety Initiatives Patient safety and quality care is the center of every health care provider’s initiatives. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report â€Å"To Err is Human†, adverse events and medical errors happen at an alarming rate with approximately 400,000 deaths a year (Epps Levin, 2015). An evidence-based practice, team strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety (TeamSTEPPS), is a comprehensive program that brings staff together to train and enhance patient safety initiatives (Epps Levin, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to determine the tools teams use to improve patient safety while incorporating teams’ strategies to provide quality care and how this applies to the†¦show more content†¦These elements, when put to proper use, will create an environment of teamwork, reduced medical errors, and positive patient outcomes. Leadership can support a TeamSTEPPS approach to improving patient safety and quality of care. Through financial assistance, communication effort, and a commitment to providing high-quality training to all disciplines, organizations can support the directives in TeamSTEPPS (Ward, Zhu Lampman, 2013). Team leadership is a key core competency of the Team STEPPS approach to promoting quality and preventing errors (Clancy Tornberg, 2007). Team leaders must be adept at motivating, creating a positive environment, assess performance, and creating opportunities for education and skill development (Clancy Tornberg, 2007). Partnering with a member of senior leadership is an additional strategy for increasing performance and patient safety (AHRQ, 2012). Specific strategies the senior leader can adopt are to meet with the team on a regular basis to identify and remove barriers to project success. They can accomplish this by allocating needed resources, facilitating interdepartmental communication, which increases project awareness and support at the executive level (AHRQ, 2012). The multidisciplina ry staff including physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals must work together as a team to provide

Business Class Free Essays

1) Go to the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s Webb site (www. bea. gov) and locate the gross domestic product data. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compare the annual figure for the last four years. What do the figures indicate for the next couple of years? In 2007 it was 4. 9%, in 2008 it was 1. 9%, in 2009 it was -2. 5%, in 2010 it was 4. 2%. 2011 is not yet out. These numbers indicated a rapid decrease and a rapid bounce back. I think for the next couple of years, the figures will rise again before a decrease comes again. ) At the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Web site (www. bls. gov) under Industries, click on Industries at a Glance to find the information about the manufacturing industry. What is the employment trend in manufacturing over the last four years (percentage change from the preceding period)? The unemployment percentage has been going down over the past four years. We are coming off of a 7. 9% unemployment rate. ) Return to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ home page and use the Search feature to find trends in employment for the state of Illinois. Look around the Web site to see what other informatio n is available. Plot the trend in manufacturing employment in Illinois over the last four years. On your own, discuss what economic changes may have influenced that trend. In 2009, there was a big unemployment filing from the manufacturing industry due to job loss. That year there was about 65,000 jobs lossed in the manufacturing field. It went from 620k in January to 553k in December. It has been staying around 560k-570k over the past few years though. There are many reasons the manufacturing employment has dropped. Automation, technology, outsourcing, and other things factor in for the decline in jobs since 2009. 4)Based on the information you have gathered, write a brief summary of what may happen to company sales over the next couple years. Based on what I have gathered, company sales will increase How to cite Business Class, Papers

Factors driving the Growth of the hotel Industry Samples for Students

Question: What is the Factors The Hotal Industry Growth in Australia ? Answer: Introduction Hotel industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. With its serene beauty, the country is one of the favorite tourist places in the world. The growing tourism industry is the main cause of the rapid growth of hotel industry in Australia. The arrival of the international tourists from all over the world, Australia has felt the urge of giving an added importance to the hospitality industry. The tourism industry operates in a global competitive market. In the current scenario, the Australian market has been expanding their preferences and heading offshore as well. This literature review highlights the various drivers of growth, along with the positive effects that the growth of the Australian hotel industry has brought with itself. The importance of fulfilling the customers demand and the causes of the changes in the demand has also been discussed. The need for review of the standard of the hotels, and the type of services they provide is also mentioned in this review . Finally, the cause of the decline of some of the hotels in Australia has also been highlighted, identifying the ways it could be revived. Growth of the hotel Industry Australia has always been an important business hub with people from all over the world travelling for the purpose of business (Assaf and Agbola 2014). However, with the added importance that the Australian government has given to the tourism of the place made it an attractive tourist place as well. While people came only for the purpose of business, their demand of luxury was less (Pereira and Almeida 2014). All they preferred was a hotel that offered a comfortable stay, with a large and well-equipped meeting hall, and a standard meal (Assaf and Agbola 2014). As he travelers along with the businessmen started preferring Australia for their holiday destination, their demand for luxury started rising. Thus, the need for the growth of luxury hotels, boutique hotels, and beach bungalows started growing, giving a strong boost to the hospitality industry, along with tourisms. Factors driving the growth It is essential that Australian tourism and hotel industry stay at par with the hotel industries in the developed countries (Assaf et al. 2015). Hence, in order to ensure that, it is important that the Australian hotels incorporate the modern trends of the hotels. These include the luxurious facilities such as swimming pools, spa facilities, world class fitness centers, multi-cuisine restaurants, along with private breach facilities and customized tour plans. Travelers and tourists traveling for leisure prefer to travel without any hazards and worry, hence the hotels need to develop themselves and be well-equipped to fulfill the demands of the customers (Assaf et al. 2015). Another essential factor that contributes greatly to the growth of the tourism and hotel industry in Australia is the change in the lifestyle of the people. The increase in levels of salary and lifestyle of the people from all over the world, combined with an expansion in recreational demands, has been particularly advantageous to the tourism business in Australia (Yang and Cai 2016). The coming of technical advancements especially in the transportation made travelling much more easier. The number of voyage boats, ships and air planes became easily accessible and affordable for the people. Moreover, the automated reservation systems and ease of booking of the hotels from any end of the world have been an essential part in the worldwide development of hotel industry. Moreover, the upgraded efficiency have been ideal to the business by reducing the expenses and making travel and tourism much affordable for common people. As the hotel industry started growing, rivalry in the business also started increasing around the world. Thus, each hotel tried their best to stay ahead in competition, and kept them upgraded, to meet the demands of the customers (Pereira and Almeida 2014). The customers and travelers have received incredible rewards as far as lower costs, in order to retain the loyal customers. Special discount on early booking and schemes such as discounts on extended stays have been introduced (Solnet, Boztug and Dolnicar 2016). More inventive ways to deal with advertising and promotions are used, such that the hotel industry grows with rapidity. One of the greatest barriers that the hotel industry faced was the lack of adequate capital to fund the growth and development of a world-class hotel chain (Thorpe and Leito 2014.). However, the Australian government has taken various initiatives and funded a large number of hotel chains, as an initiative to promote tourism. This is an essential factor th at boosted the growth of the hotel industry in Australia. As calculated, about $6.5 is invested for the skilled and unskilled labors for every one dollar. Hotel management requires employees and labors with diverse skills (Solnet, Boztug and Dolnicar 2016). The employees for housekeeping, cooking, customer services are among the few to be named. Thus, with the assistance of the Australian government, the costs of setting up the hotels have reduced reasonable, increasing the number of hotels in Australia. Customer demand The rising demand of the customers and tourists is also a driving factor for the growth of hotel industry in Australia (Leung et al. 2013). Since the development of tourism in Australia has increase the number of foot fall of the tourists from all over the world, hence various people have different demands. Moreover, the increase in the variety of the number of people visiting Australia every year, the demographic factors of the tourists also contribute to the change in the demand of the customers (Manoharan, Gross and Sardeshmukh 2014). Thus, in order to cater to these demographic demands, the hotel industry have been growing steady, making improvements and improvisations. The Luxury hotel industry is considered to be an essential part of the conventional hotel industry. This also contributes largely towards the growth of the hotel business in Australia. These hotels give visitors best line benefit and lavishness, to spend their holidays in luxury (McManus 2013). These designers and proprietors ensure to provide the customers with an experience of the lifetime, by providing lavishness to the people. With the rapid growth of the hotel industry, many international hotel industrialists have started investing in the tourism and hotels of Australia (Thorpe and Leito 2014.). They have studied the growing trends of Australia, and have been confidently investing in the luxury hotel industries (Manoharan, Gross and Sardeshmukh 2014). Their predictions and market survey have been proven to be correct, since the tourism of Australia has been inviting people from all over the world, who prefer staying at these lavish and luxurious hotels. Increase in competition Earlier the picture was quite different. Since the number of luxury hotels was very few in number, hence they were expensive and not much affordable by most of the tourists. However, as the number of hotels started growing, the price that the tourist had to pay, to experience the luxury also decreased (Chon 2013). Competition increased and the hotels tried to provide the supreme experience at the lowest cost. In this way, the affordability of the hotels changed. The rise in competition also ensured that fair competition was being carried out by the various hotels of Australia. Moreover, the rise in the hotels and the tourism industry opened new avenues for employment (McManus 2013). People from all over the world, especially from the developing countries started travelling to Australia, in search of employment (Leung et al. 2015). Many people who migrated from the other parts of the world found employment in the growing hotel industries (Pereira and Almeida 2014). Thus, the number of cheap labors started increasing in Australia, facilitating the growth of the hotels. Both skilled and unskilled labors from various part of the world found employment, along with facilitating the growth of tourism in Australia. Employment opportunity As the hotel industry has been growing gradually, the employment opportunities of Australians have also been increasing. This resulted in the growth of the overall economy of Australia (Chon 2013). Large investors started investing in this industry, and creation of employment made the economy of Australia, more profound (Niewiadomski 2016.). The growth of this industry started becoming one of the major pillars of Australian economy, which earlier was just a minor part that hardly affected the economy of Australia (McLachlan 2013). The hotel industry is growing everywhere throughout the world because of increase in the number of travelers and the increase in the quest among the people to explore the world (Yang and Cai 2016). The number of travelers from India, China and other Asian nations, being the maximum, the hotels of Australia is also focused on catering to their demands. In the present year it is extremely beneficial to get into this business in Australia (McPhail et al. 2015). The footfall of travelers has significantly increased in the course of time and is the highest as compared to the past decade. The hotel business in Sydney had possessed 88.8 % of the aggregate populace before the end of 2016 (McLachlan 2013). This is the most elevated development rate throughout the years. Australia now lies among the top hotel and tourism improvement nations among the various countries of the world (Manoharan, Gross and Sardeshmukh 2014). Review of the standards As the hotel industry has been steadily rising, it is essential to review the standard of the hotels and ensure that they meet the world class standard, in order to cater to the customers from around the world. A regulatory body such as the Australian Hotel association (AHA) provides a guideline that all the hotels operational in Australia needs to follow (Australian Hotels Association, 2017). These guidelines ensure that the hotel industry of Australia, not only serves the customers well, but also become eligible enough to compete with the hotels of the developed nations such as UK and US. About 5000 people are members of the AHA, along with 6807 hotels (Australian Hotels Association, 2017). This regulation is essential, to keep a keen eye and monitor the operations of the hotels, along with regulating the standard of food being served and charges taken for each facility (Li et al. 2015). The price of the hotels is also regulated by AHA, in order to prevent unfair competition among them (Australian Hotels Association, 2017). This regulation is essential since the hotels and its facilities have to be easily affordable by the tourists (Kong and Lien 2016). The major source of income for the hotels is the food and beverages they serve, since the lodging price is regulated by the AHA. The hotels have been introducing various incorporations. These include night clubs, various night safaris, sightseeing packages and various other entertaining activities (Chon 2013). These activities keep the tourists engaged during their stay at the hotel and make their stay a memorable one (Ng and Austin 2016). Taking all the factors into account, the worldwide extravagance travel advertise has recorded a development in 2011- 2012, after a noteworthy decrease in 2009 and modest recovery in 2010 (Li et al. 2015). The interest among the customers and travelers towards the luxurious living has grown by 1.5% than the recent previous years (The World Luxury Index, 2013). One of the key drivers for this development has been the increase in the affordability of the people along with the change in the lifestyle of the people (Niewiadomski 2016.). Moreover, with the BRIC agreement, the BRIC nations, to be specific Brazil, Russia, India, and China has shown remarkable development in the hospitality industry (McPhail et al. 2015). These developments in the mentioned countries have given a strong competition to Australia and its hotel industry (Kong and Lien 2016). Sudden decline However, with so much initiatives being taken in the hotel industry, there has been a significant decline in the hotels. To be specific, the hotel industry has shrunken by 10% in the past few years (Li et al. 2015). A close investigation highlights the fact that the removals of casinos and poker machines from the hotels have caused this significant fall. Moreover, with the rapid growth of luxurious hotels, many hotels that are not well-equipped and facilitated have been facing heavy loss (Ng and Austin 2016). Thus, though the tourisms industry has experienced growth significantly, yet a part of the hotels have faced a significant decline as well. Conclusion The significance of conducting a literature review lies in the fact that the present scenario, along with the past researches on the same or similar topic is known. Along with knowledge gain, it acts as a platform from where further researches could be started. Moreover, the gaps in the actual situation and the reviewed literature are also obtained from the literature review. In this case, the present scenario of the hotel industry in Australia is highlighted along with the drivers of the growth. The factors that have been affecting the rapid growth has been presented along with the barriers that are being faced by the hotel industry, thus hindering growth has also been presented in this literature review. The various reasons of growth, along with the sudden decline of the growth of the hotel industry have also been highlighted in this review. Moreover, the position of Australian hotel and tourism industry has been reviewed and the determined. The employment opportunity that the hote l industry brings in with its growth has also been highlighted in this literature review. References Assaf, A.G. and Agbola, F.W., 2014. Efficiency analysis of the Australian accommodation industry: A Bayesian output distance function.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,38(1), pp.116-132. Assaf, A.G., Josiassen, A. and Agbola, F.W., 2015. Attracting international hotels: Locational factors that matter most.Tourism Management,47, pp.329-340. Australian Hotels Association. (2017).Here's Cheers! - Australian Hotels Association. [online] Available at: https://aha.org.au/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017]. Chon, K.S., 2013.Tourism in Southeast Asia: A new direction. Routledge. Kong, E. and Lien, C.Y., 2016. Impact of social media in service innovations: An empirical study on the Australian hotel industry. InSocial Media and Networking: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 978-993). IGI Global. Leung, X.Y., Bai, B. and Stahura, K.A., 2015. The marketing effectiveness of social media in the hotel industry: A comparison of Facebook and Twitter.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,39(2), pp.147-169. Li, G., Law, R., Vu, H.Q., Rong, J. and Zhao, X.R., 2015. Identifying emerging hotel preferences using Emerging Pattern Mining technique.Tourism management,46, pp.311-321. Lockyer, T., 2013.The international hotel industry: Sustainable management. Routledge. Manoharan, A., Gross, M.J. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2014. Identity-conscious vs identity-blind: Hotel managers use of formal and informal diversity management practices.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, pp.1-9. McLachlan, R., 2013. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. McManus, L., 2013. Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.140-152. McPhail, R., Patiar, A., Herington, C., Creed, P. and Davidson, M., 2015. Development and initial validation of a hospitality employees job satisfaction index: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(8), pp.1814-1838. Ng, D. and Austin, I., 2016. Integrated resorts and hotel (gambling) service enterprises in Singapore, Macau and Australia: the changing policy landscape.Asian Journal of Political Science,24(1), pp.42-62. Niewiadomski, P., 2016. The globalisation of the hotel industry and the variety of emerging capitalisms in Central and Eastern Europe.European Urban and Regional Studies,23(3), pp.267-288. Pereira, L. and Almeida, P., 2014. Marketing and promotion in the hotel industry: A case study in family hotel and hotel group.CONSELHO EDITORIAL| EDITORIAL BOARD. Solnet, D., Boztug, Y. and Dolnicar, S., 2016. An untapped gold mine? Exploring the potential of market basket analysis to grow hotel revenue.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, pp.119-125. Thorpe, M. and Leito, N.C., 2014. Economic growth in Australia: Globalisation, trade and foreign direct investment.Global Business and Economics Review,16(1), pp.75-86. Yang, Z. and Cai, J., 2016. Do regional factors matter? Determinants of hotel industry performance in China.Tourism Management,52, pp.242-253.

South African Airways Case Analysis free essay sample

Hadeir Shahin Khaya Ngqula, the CEO of South African airways is facing a big challenge, which is the striking of SAA ground staff and cabin crews, this action won’t affect only the overall performance of the company and slows down operations, but it will have a negative long term consequences as well, it may affect the company’s reputation, and thus affecting it’s prominence and perceived quality in the mind of the public. The major problem of SAA is the lack of trust, justice, ethics and commitment in the company, as the employees don’t trust there mangers, they believe that the decision making process is not fair, and managers are always violating the accepted norms of morality within the company. Firstly the absences of the authority’s trustworthiness negatively affected the employees, as mangers failed to show employees there capability of taking over the helm specially that executive’s lack aviation background, also employees didn’t perceive the authority to be benevolent or to have integrity, and that was clear when Ngqula decided to cut his management stuff in half to control costs, and suspending four managers for misconduct and failure to prevent wasteful expenditure, at the same time he was criticized by the media for incurring luxury travel expenses, more over his strategy revolved around efficiency, growth and outstanding service, without emphasizing about being helpful, supportive or loyal to his employees apart from any selfish or profit motive, all those factors resulted in the fact that SAA’s employees lack of trust to their managers. We will write a custom essay sample on South African Airways Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly the country’s history over the past years regarding the racial discrimination influenced the companies’ policies which resulted in the feeling of injustice and a biased code of ethics among employees, in addition to, the pay raise issue. Despite of the good performance and the growth of the company, managers are referring to the fuel price as a constrain that preventing them from raising the pay, as a result employees belief that the decision outcomes are not allocated using the proper norms because they have contributed to the company’s good performance and they deserve more outcome specially that the company had a year profit of $155 million and can easily afford the wage increase, also knowing that there managers are spending money on helicopter travels and luxurious hotel rooms made them feel that they are not receiving distributive justice. As a result of the former problems, employees don’t feel committed to the company, and therefore Ngqul a has to fix those problems by regaining employees trust and treating them fairly, this can be done by: approving the 8% increase in wages and start to implement an evaluation performance plan, in order to keep track of employees performance, and lay a roadmap for planning and development. He should include employees training program in his development strategy, this program should not only stress on their skills but, on the importance of positive communication and culture of kindness in the company as well; to increase SAA’s employees commitment. It’s known that integrity should come from the top managers first, that’s why telling the truth to the employees and sticking to promises will be a good start to regain their trust, also the company should introduces a solid code of ethics that prohibits racial discrimination, protects employees’ rights and preventing the misuse of the companies’ resources. Finally introducing different ways to keep employees motivated such as bonuses, pay raise and recognition, this way employees performance will increase, they will be more competitive, creative and committed to the work.

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Example For Students

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Youth Groups as a discourse community The only people who go to youth groups are the perfect kids who never do anything wrong, go to church every week, talk about God and about what is going on in their lives. This was my speculation before attending Pinion Hills Community Church in Farmington, New Mexico. Many people believe this to be a stereotype but my guess is that it is anything but the truth. Pinion Hills is a non-denominational church with a youth group that takes place on Saturdays at five thirty in the afternoon and then again on Sundays at nine thirty in the morning. I chose to attend the Saturday youth group with my roommate who has attended the youth group for a little over a year now. Christianity began over 2000 years ago with Jesus Christ and his disciples. We will write a custom essay on Youth Groups As A Discourse Community specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jesus would travel around the village’s preaching religion and teaching people the will of God. Jesus would eventually die for the sins of man but three days later he would be resurrected and give hope to the world. Jesus became known as the Messiah for the Christian religion as well as the teacher of God. People today continue to tell his stories and worship him still to this day. There are various ways that people come together to worship and praise God. One way would be the getting together of youth groups since it allows the youth to learn about God in a more modern and fun way. METHODS There are many different ways that I went about collecting my information and data on youth groups. Interviews†¦

Free Essays on Rachel Carson

Rachel Louise Carson was born on May 7, 1907 in the rural river town of Springdale, PA. She graduated from Pennsylvania College for Women, which is now known as Chatham College, in 1929 with a major of Marine Biology. She then studied at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and later received her MA in Zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932. Carson was hired by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries to write radio scripts during the Depression and supplemented her income writing feature articles on natural history for the Baltimore Sun. She then began a fifteen-year career in the federal services as a scientist and editor in 1936. Working for the government, she then became Editor-in-Chief of all publications for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Lear). Carson wrote pamphlets on conservation and natural resources. She also edited scientific articles, but on free time, turned her government research into lyric prose, first as an article â€Å"Undersea† in 1937, and then a book, Under the Sea-Wind in 1941. She published her prize-winning study of the ocean, The Sea Around Us in 1952, which was followed in 1955 by The Edge of the Sea. She was devoted to writing, so she resigned from the government. During World War II, Rachel Carson changed her focuses. She wanted to warn the public about the long term misuse of chemical pesticides. She wrote a book in 1962 called Silent Spring in which she challenged the practices of agricultural scientists and government. It called for a change in the way humankind viewed the world. Because of this book, she was attacked by the chemical industry and some government and considered an alarmist. Through all this, she spoke out to remind the public that we are a vulnerable part of the natural world, and we are subject to the same damage as the rest of the ecosystem. Her testimony before Congress in 1963 called for new policies to protect human health and the environment. Rachel Lou... Free Essays on Rachel Carson Free Essays on Rachel Carson Rachel Louise Carson was born on May 7, 1907 in the rural river town of Springdale, PA. She graduated from Pennsylvania College for Women, which is now known as Chatham College, in 1929 with a major of Marine Biology. She then studied at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and later received her MA in Zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932. Carson was hired by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries to write radio scripts during the Depression and supplemented her income writing feature articles on natural history for the Baltimore Sun. She then began a fifteen-year career in the federal services as a scientist and editor in 1936. Working for the government, she then became Editor-in-Chief of all publications for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Lear). Carson wrote pamphlets on conservation and natural resources. She also edited scientific articles, but on free time, turned her government research into lyric prose, first as an article â€Å"Undersea† in 1937, and then a book, Under the Sea-Wind in 1941. She published her prize-winning study of the ocean, The Sea Around Us in 1952, which was followed in 1955 by The Edge of the Sea. She was devoted to writing, so she resigned from the government. During World War II, Rachel Carson changed her focuses. She wanted to warn the public about the long term misuse of chemical pesticides. She wrote a book in 1962 called Silent Spring in which she challenged the practices of agricultural scientists and government. It called for a change in the way humankind viewed the world. Because of this book, she was attacked by the chemical industry and some government and considered an alarmist. Through all this, she spoke out to remind the public that we are a vulnerable part of the natural world, and we are subject to the same damage as the rest of the ecosystem. Her testimony before Congress in 1963 called for new policies to protect human health and the environment. Rachel Lou...

Rastafari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rastafari - Essay Example The leaders of Rastafari came up with doctrines of the religion, which include despising the whites, reading the Bible, growing dreadlocks, and smoking cannabis. The followers of the religion interpret the Bible in an afro-centric way; because they believe that the white people altered the meaning of the readings in the text. Bob Marley, a reggae singer, is one of the followers of the movement. Tim argues that Bob’s songs contain the doctrines of Rastafarians (Hall 6). Hall believes that the movement is a way of life because it lacks organization like other religions. The author is an evangelist in Australia, and he researches about religious movements in the world. The article is relevant to my research because it explains the origin of the movement and its principles. The author states the founders of the movement, and he also gives an example of Bob Marley as a Rastafarian. The author has failed to give an example of principle that Marley spreads through his reggae songs (H all 8). The author also fails to give details of how Haile Selassie 1 and Garvey succeeded in creating the movement, even after claiming that they died as a result of their struggle to save Africans from slavery. This means that the article is not wholly reliable. Murrell, Nathaniel. â€Å"Jamaica: The Rastafarian movement.† Global exchange, n.d 2011. Web. 18 Oct 2013. (http://www.globalexchange.org/country/jamaica/rasta) The article states the meanings of symbols of the Rastafari movement, and he explains how the doctrines of the association have spread to the whole world. Nathaniel argues that the word Ras means Christ; while Rastafari refers to Haile Selassie, the founder of the movement (Murrell 4). Rastafarians claim that Haile Selassie is their Christ who died physically, but lives in their souls. The believers argue that Christ shall come back to save them from the world, and he shall take them to Ethiopia. The followers argue that Ethiopia is the land that Christ prom ised them, and they refer to it as Mount Zion. The author argues that the movement has spread from Jamaica to the United States in cities such as New York, and the Great Britain (Murrell 8). Nathaniel, however, believes that the movement is more of a culture or political association rather than a religion. This argument is similar to that of Tim Hall, and it indicates that numerous researches have been conducted to determine the classification of Rastafarian movement. Nathaniel is an associate professor in the University of Carolina. The professor teaches philosophy and religion, and he has written several books in these topics. Murrell’s research specializes in the Caribbean and world religions. The article will help the research to explaining the real meaning of terms used by the Rastafarians. The author has analyzed how the movement spread to countries such as America and Britain, and he also explains the origin of the Rastafarian doctrines. The author has failed to descri be the spread of the movement in details, but his work is reliable because his arguments are similar to those of Tim Hall, and they are more detailed. Barnett, Michael. "The Many Faces of Rasta: Doctrinal Diversity within the Rastafari Movement." Caribbean Quarterly 51.2 (2005): 67-112.print. The article summarizes details of members of the Rastafari